Although a few cardiovascular technologists, vascular technologists, and cardiac sonographers are currently trained on the job, most receive training in 2- to 4-year programs. The majority of technologists complete a 2-year program, but 4-year programs are increasingly available.

Whichever program you attend, the first year is dedicated to core courses. The subsequent studies concentrate in specialized instruction in either invasive, noninvasive cardiovascular, or noninvasive vascular technology. An internship in a hospital or clinic may be part of your program, depending on the school and length of program you have chosen.

Graduates of the programs accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Cardiovascular Technology are eligible to obtain professional certification in cardiac catheterization, echocardiography, vascular ultrasound, and cardiographic techniques from Cardiovascular Credentialing International. The American Registry of diagnostic medical sonographers offers certification to vascular technologists and cardiac sonographers.

Most EKG technicians are trained on the job by an EKG supervisor or a cardiologist. On-the-job training usually lasts about 8 to 16 weeks. Most employers prefer to train people already in the health care field—nursing aides, for example.